Things to Do in Mongolia: 15 Must-Do Experiences 2023

Imagine stepping into a land where time seems to stand still, where vast landscapes stretch as far as the eye can see, and where a nomadic culture has thrived for centuries.

Welcome to Mongolia, a captivating country nestled in East Asia known for its majestic mountains, countryside, and the historical legacy of Genghis Khan.

As you delve into its rich history, you’ll discover that Mongolia’s roots trace back to the mighty Mongol Empire, an empire that once spanned across continents and left an indelible mark on the world.

In this enchanting land, you’ll have the opportunity to immerse yourself in the wonders of nature. Picture yourself traversing the sprawling steppes, gazing at snow-capped mountains that reach towards the heavens.

Feel the thrill of encountering herds of wild horses galloping freely across the plains or witness majestic golden eagles soaring through clear blue skies.

But Mongolia is not just about breathtaking landscapes; it’s also about experiencing a way of life deeply rooted in tradition and heritage.

Engage with local nomadic communities and gain insights into their fascinating customs and age-old practices. From savoring traditional cuisine to participating in lively cultural festivals, every moment spent here promises to be an unforgettable adventure.

So come along on this journey through time and immerse yourself in the allure of Mongolia. Let its ancient history and vibrant culture captivate your senses as you explore this extraordinary destination.

Here are 15 Things to do in Mongolia:

Exploring the Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert is an enchanting destination that offers a remarkable array of experiences for adventurous travelers.

Spanning across southern Mongolia and northern China, it is the largest desert in Asia and boasts a rich tapestry of natural wonders and unique wildlife. From stunning sand dunes to ancient rock formations, the Gobi Desert presents a captivating landscape that will leave you in awe.

One of the most striking aspects of the Gobi Desert is its diverse range of wildlife. The region is home to fascinating creatures such as Bactrian camels and snow leopards, which have adapted to survive in this harsh environment.

Witnessing these majestic animals in their natural habitat is truly a sight to behold. As you explore the vast expanse of the desert, keep your eyes peeled for these incredible creatures.

The Gobi Desert’s sand dunes are another highlight that should not be missed. These towering golden mounds create a mesmerizing spectacle against the arid backdrop.

Many visitors find themselves irresistibly drawn to climbing these magnificent dunes, feeling the soft grains of sand beneath their feet as they ascend towards breathtaking vistas.

It’s an experience that immerses you in nature’s grandeur and provides ample opportunities for stunning photographs.

Venturing further into the heart of the Gobi Desert, you’ll encounter canyons carved by centuries of wind erosion. These dramatic geological formations offer a glimpse into Earth’s ancient past.

Marvel at the intricate layers exposed by time and weathering as you navigate through narrow gorges and marvel at towering cliffs rising above you.

Discovering the Mongolian Steppe

The Mongolian Steppe is a vast and breathtaking grassland that covers much of Mongolia’s territory. It is an expansive landscape that stretches as far as the eye can see, offering visitors a unique and awe-inspiring experience.

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Mongolian Steppe is its connection to the nomadic herding lifestyle. This way of life has been thriving in this region for centuries, with local communities relying on roaming livestock such as horses, yaks, and sheep for sustenance. As you explore the steppe, you’ll witness firsthand how these nomadic herders have adapted to their environment and continue to preserve their traditional way of life.

A visit to the Mongolian Steppe provides an excellent opportunity for horseback riding, allowing you to immerse yourself in the vastness of this incredible landscape. Riding through the rolling hills and open plains on horseback gives you a sense of freedom like no other. You can gallop alongside herds of wild horses or simply enjoy a leisurely ride while taking in the breathtaking scenery around you.

To truly experience the essence of Mongolia’s nomadic culture, consider staying at a traditional ger camp. These portable dwellings are made from felt and wood, providing comfortable accommodation amidst nature. You’ll have a chance to interact with local families who run these camps and learn about their customs, traditions, and daily routines. It’s an enriching cultural experience that allows you to gain insights into the nomadic lifestyle firsthand.

Uncovering Karakorum’s Ancient City

The ancient city of Karakorum holds a significant place in Mongolian history as the former capital of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. Although now in ruins, this once-thriving city offers a fascinating glimpse into the grandeur and power of the Mongols during their peak. Let’s explore some of the highlights that make a visit to Karakorum an absolute must for history enthusiasts.

A Glimpse into History

As the capital city of the Mongol Empire, Karakorum was at the heart of one of the most influential empires in world history. Founded by Genghis Khan himself, it served as both an administrative and cultural center during its heyday. Walking through its ruins today, you can imagine what life might have been like in this bustling metropolis centuries ago.

Remnants of a Once-Thriving City

Despite being reduced to ruins over time, Karakorum still manages to impress visitors with its remnants. The archaeological site showcases various structures that were integral to the functioning of a medieval capital. From walls and gates that protected the city to traces of palaces and temples, each stone tells a story of past glory.

Exploring Erdene Zuu Monastery

One highlight not to be missed when visiting Karakorum is Erdene Zuu Monastery. Established in 1586, it is one of Mongolia’s oldest monasteries and provides insight into Buddhism’s influence on Mongolian culture.

Experiencing Authentic Nomadic Culture

Are you seeking an adventure like no other? Look no further than Mongolia, a country known for its rich nomadic culture and breathtaking countryside. Immerse yourself in the daily lives of nomadic herders and experience their traditions, customs, and hospitality firsthand. From milking cows to making traditional dairy products, there are endless opportunities to engage with the local community and create lasting memories.

Immerse Yourself in the Daily Lives of Nomadic Herders

There’s no better way than spending time with a nomadic family. By staying in a traditional ger (yurt) camp, you’ll have the chance to live like a true nomad. Wake up to the sound of grazing animals and breathe in the fresh air as you step outside into the vast Mongolian landscape. Interact with your host family and gain insights into their unique way of life.

Learn About Traditions, Customs, and Hospitality Firsthand

The nomads of Mongolia have preserved their ancient traditions for centuries. During your visit, take advantage of this opportunity to learn about their fascinating customs. Engage in conversations with your hosts over a cup of suutei tsai (traditional milk tea) and listen attentively as they share stories passed down through generations.

Hospitality is deeply ingrained in Mongolian culture, and you’ll be welcomed with open arms wherever you go. Nomads are renowned for their warm-heartedness and will make sure you feel at home during your stay.

Horseback Riding Adventures in Mongolia

If you’re looking for a unique and thrilling experience, horseback riding in Mongolia is an absolute must. This ancient land of nomads offers vast landscapes waiting to be explored on horseback, just like the locals have been doing for centuries.

Mongolia has it all. From majestic mountains to picturesque valleys and wide-open plains, there is no shortage of breathtaking scenery to discover. Imagine galloping through the rolling hills, feeling the wind in your hair as you soak in the beauty of your surroundings.

Whether you’re an experienced rider or a beginner, there are options available for everyone. You can choose from multi-day horse treks or shorter rides depending on your preference and level of expertise.

One of the most popular destinations for horseback riding in Mongolia is the Khentii Mountains. Located east of Ulaanbaatar, this region offers stunning landscapes that will leave you in awe. As you ride through the mountains, you’ll encounter pristine lakes, dense forests, and perhaps even catch a glimpse of elusive wildlife.

For those seeking a more authentic experience, why not join a local nomadic family? They will gladly welcome you into their traditional lifestyle and let you experience firsthand what it’s like to live off the land with their horses. You can learn how to saddle up your steed, navigate through rugged terrain, and even participate in herding activities.

In addition to horseback riding adventures, Mongolia also offers camel riding experiences.

Witnessing the Spectacular Naadam Festival

The Naadam Festival is an extraordinary event that showcases the rich cultural heritage of Mongolia. This annual festival is a must-see for anyone visiting the country, as it offers a unique opportunity to witness traditional Mongolian sports and celebrations.

Traditional Sports Galore

At the Naadam Festival, you’ll have the chance to witness three main traditional sports: wrestling, archery, and horse racing. These activities hold deep historical significance in Mongolian culture and are an integral part of the festival.

Wrestling is a highlight of the event, where skilled competitors demonstrate their strength and agility. The wrestlers don unique costumes adorned with colorful patterns, adding to the visual spectacle. As they engage in gripping matches on a grassy field, you’ll be captivated by their skillful maneuvers and sheer determination.

Archery is another ancient sport showcased during Naadam. Skilled archers display their precision as they aim for targets set at varying distances. The elegance of their movements combined with their accuracy creates a mesmerizing sight for spectators.

Horse racing forms an essential part of Mongolian culture, and it takes center stage at Naadam. You’ll witness young jockeys riding across vast open plains as they compete against each other in thrilling races. The races cover significant distances, often ranging from 15 to 30 kilometers. The thunderous sound of hooves pounding against the earth adds to the excitement as participants vie for victory.

A Cultural Extravaganza

One of the unique aspects of the Nadaam Festival is the sense of community and camaraderie that permeates the event. People from all over the country come together to participate and cheer on the competitors. It is a time for families and friends to gather, share meals, and enjoy the festivities. The festival also provides an opportunity for visitors to experience the warm hospitality and welcoming nature of the Mongolian people.

In addition to the sporting events, the Nadaam Festival features traditional music and dance performances. These cultural displays showcase the artistic talents of the Mongolian people and add to the overall festive atmosphere. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant music, colorful costumes, and energetic dances that are an integral part of Mongolian culture.

The Nadaam Festival offers a glimpse into the rich history and traditions of Mongolia. It is a time to celebrate the country’s nomadic heritage and honor the skills and talents of its people. Whether you are a sports enthusiast, a lover of traditional music and dance, or simply curious about different cultures, the Nadaam Festival is an event not to be missed.

While attending the Naadam Festival, it is important to be prepared for the large crowds and limited seating. It is advisable to arrive early to secure a good spot to watch the competitions and performances. Additionally, it is essential to dress appropriately for the weather, as the festival takes place during the summer months when temperatures can be quite high.

So mark your calendars and get ready to experience the excitement and joy of the Nadaam Festival. Join the crowds, cheer on the wrestlers, marvel at the horse races, and immerse yourself in the vibrant culture of Mongolia. It’s a cultural extravaganza like no other!

Trekking in the Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains, located in western Mongolia, are a stunning range that offers an incredible experience for those who love trekking and exploring nature. With their majestic peaks, alpine lakes, and diverse wildlife, the Altai Mountains have become a popular destination for adventurers seeking a unique and awe-inspiring trip.

The Altai Mountains offer a plethora of options that cater to all levels of expertise. Whether you’re an experienced mountaineer or a novice hiker, there’s something for everyone. As you traverse these trails, you’ll be treated to breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks and crystal-clear alpine lakes. The beauty of the mountains is truly unparalleled.

One of the highlights of trekking in the Altai Mountains is the opportunity to spot rare wildlife species that call this region home. Keep your eyes peeled for ibex gracefully maneuvering along rocky cliffs, argali sheep grazing on mountain slopes, and golden eagles soaring high above. This encounter with nature’s wonders adds an extra layer of excitement to your journey.

To make the most out of your trip to the Altai Mountains, consider joining a tour or seeking advice from experienced guides who know the area well. They can provide valuable insights into hidden gems along your route and ensure your safety throughout the adventure. TripAdvisor is an excellent resource for finding reputable tour operators and reading reviews from fellow travelers.

During your trekking expedition in the Altai Mountains, take advantage of other activities available in this picturesque region.

Visiting the National Museum of Mongolia

The National Museum of Mongolia is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring the rich history and cultural heritage of this fascinating nation. With its extensive collection of artifacts, traditional costumes, and historical relics, the museum offers visitors a captivating journey through Mongolia’s past from prehistoric times to the modern era.

One of the highlights of the museum is its insightful displays on Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. As you wander through the exhibits, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of how this legendary figure shaped not only Mongolia but also had a significant impact on world history. From his military prowess to his innovative governance strategies, Genghis Khan’s influence can still be felt today.

Upon entering the museum, visitors are immediately immersed in an enchanting world that showcases Mongolia’s vibrant culture and traditions. The exhibits are thoughtfully curated to provide a comprehensive overview of the nation’s history, making it an ideal starting point for those looking to delve into Mongolian heritage.

As you explore each section of the museum, you’ll come across a diverse range of artifacts that offer glimpses into different aspects of Mongolian life throughout various periods. From ancient tools and weapons to intricate jewelry and religious artifacts, every item tells a story about the people who once inhabited these lands.

One particularly noteworthy exhibit is dedicated to traditional costumes worn by Mongolian nomads. These intricately designed garments reflect both practicality and aesthetic beauty.

Gandan Monastery: Spiritual Serenity

Gandan Monastery, located in Ulaanbaatar, is one of the most important Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia. Steeped in history and spirituality, this sacred place offers visitors a serene and peaceful experience. Let’s delve into the enchanting world of Gandan Monastery and discover its captivating features.

A Glimpse into Buddhist Tradition

At Gandan Monastery, you will encounter a vibrant community of monks who dedicate their lives to practicing Buddhism. The monastery serves as their spiritual haven, where they engage in daily rituals and offer prayers for peace and well-being. As you wander through the temple grounds, you’ll witness these devoted monks immersed in their meditative practices, creating an atmosphere of tranquility that permeates every corner.

The Majestic Statue of Avalokiteshvara

One of the highlights at Gandan Monastery is the awe-inspiring statue of Migjid Janraisig (Avalokiteshvara). This massive gilded statue stands tall within the temple complex, exuding a sense of grandeur and reverence. As you gaze upon its majestic presence, you can’t help but be captivated by its intricate details and spiritual significance. It serves as a symbol of compassion and enlightenment for all who visit.

Immerse Yourself in Daily Rituals

Visiting Gandan Monastery provides a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the daily rituals observed by the monks. You can join them during prayer sessions or witness their mesmerizing chants that resonate throughout the temple halls.

Khuvsgul Lake: Serene Beauty at its Best

Located in northern Mongolia, Khuvsgul Lake is a stunning alpine lake that offers visitors a glimpse of serene beauty at its best. With crystal clear waters and picturesque landscapes surrounded by lush forests and mountains, this hidden gem is truly a great place to explore for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.

The main attraction of Khuvsgul Lake is, of course, the lake itself. Its pristine waters stretch as far as the eye can see, reflecting the blue sky above and creating a mesmerizing sight. The clarity of the water is so remarkable that you can see all the way to the bottom, making it perfect for swimming or simply enjoying a peaceful boat ride.

Surrounded by rolling hills and verdant valleys, Khuvsgul Lake presents endless opportunities for outdoor activities. Fishing enthusiasts will delight in casting their lines into the lake’s abundant waters, hoping to catch some of the various fish species that call it home. The lake’s rich biodiversity provides ample opportunities for anglers to test their skills while enjoying the tranquility of their surroundings.

For those who prefer to stay on land, hiking around Khuvsgul Lake is an experience not to be missed. The surrounding forests offer numerous trails that wind through breathtaking scenery and provide glimpses of wildlife along the way. Whether you’re an avid hiker or just looking for a leisurely stroll, there are options available for every level of fitness.

Camping enthusiasts will also find themselves in paradise at Khuvsgul Lake.

Life at a Ger Camp: Traditional Hospitality

Staying in a traditional ger (yurt) camp is an excellent way to immerse yourself in the authentic nomadic experience that Mongolia has to offer. These camps, run by local families, provide warm hospitality and a glimpse into the fascinating way of life of the Mongolian people.

When you stay at a ger camp, you will have the opportunity to interact with the local families who open their homes to tourists. They welcome visitors with open arms and are eager to share their rich history and traditions. The genuine warmth and friendliness of these families create an unforgettable experience for travelers.

The gers themselves are unique dwellings that have been used by nomads for centuries. These portable homes are made from felt and wood, providing comfort amidst nature’s beauty. Inside, you’ll find cozy beds, colorful rugs, and traditional furnishings that reflect the cultural heritage of Mongolia.

One of the highlights of staying in a ger camp is experiencing the hospitality firsthand. The families who operate these camps take pride in offering guests a taste of their daily lives. They often invite visitors into their gers for meals, where they serve delicious homemade dishes prepared with love and care. This not only provides an opportunity to savor authentic Mongolian cuisine but also allows for meaningful conversations about their traditions, customs, and way of life.

During your stay at a ger camp, you’ll have ample time to explore the surrounding natural wonders. Spring is an especially beautiful time as it brings vibrant colors back to the landscapes after long winters.

Hiking in Terelj National Park

Terelj National Park is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers visiting Mongolia. Located near the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, this stunning national park offers breathtaking landscapes and an array of exciting activities. One of the top attractions in Terelj National Park is hiking, which allows visitors to immerse themselves in the beauty of the region while exploring its unique features.

The park boasts numerous hiking trails that cater to different skill levels, making it accessible for both beginners and experienced hikers. As you embark on your hike, you’ll be greeted by mesmerizing rock formations that dot the landscape. Among these natural wonders are Turtle Rock and Ariyabal Meditation Temple, two iconic landmarks that never fail to captivate visitors with their sheer beauty.

Turtle Rock, as its name suggests, resembles a giant turtle emerging from the ground. This massive rock formation stands proudly amidst the lush greenery of Terelj National Park, offering a picturesque backdrop for memorable photographs. As you hike around Turtle Rock, take your time to appreciate its unique shape and marvel at how nature has sculpted such an extraordinary landmark.

Another fascinating spot within Terelj National Park is Ariyabal Meditation Temple. Perched atop a hill, this serene temple provides a peaceful sanctuary for those seeking spiritual solace or simply looking to enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes. The hike up to Ariyabal Meditation Temple may require some effort, but the rewards are well worth it once you reach the summit.

Indulging in Mongolian Cuisine

Mongolia is not only known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage but also for its unique and flavorful cuisine. When visiting this fascinating country, one of the top things to do is to indulge in the local gastronomy. From traditional dishes that have been passed down through generations to flavors influenced by nomadic culture, Mongolian cuisine offers a delightful culinary adventure.

Traditional Delicacies

To truly experience the essence of Mongolian cuisine, it is essential to try some of the traditional delicacies that have become an integral part of the local food culture. One such dish is khorkhog, a mouthwatering preparation where mutton is cooked with hot stones. This cooking method imparts a smoky flavor to the meat, creating a unique and satisfying taste sensation.

Another must-try dish is buuz, which are steamed dumplings filled with various ingredients such as minced meat and onions. These dumplings are often enjoyed as a main course or as a snack, and their soft texture combined with flavorful fillings make them incredibly satisfying.

Flavors Influenced by Nomadic Culture

Mongolian cuisine has been shaped by centuries of nomadic life on the vast steppes. The flavors reflect the simplicity and resourcefulness required in this lifestyle while utilizing locally available ingredients. As you explore the culinary scene, you will encounter dishes that showcase regional specialties like fish from Mongolia’s lakes and rivers.

The use of dairy products is also prominent in Mongolian cooking due to the abundance of livestock.

Mongolian Throat Singing and Music

Mongolia is a land of rich cultural traditions, and one of the most fascinating aspects of its heritage is its unique musical tradition known as throat singing. This ancient practice involves producing multiple pitches simultaneously, creating a mesmerizing and otherworldly sound that has captivated audiences around the world.

An Enchanting Musical Experience

When visiting Mongolia, immersing yourself in the enchanting world of throat singing is an absolute must. Attend performances by talented throat singers who skillfully manipulate their vocal cords to produce harmonious melodies accompanied by traditional instruments such as the morin khuur, also known as the horsehead fiddle. The hauntingly beautiful sounds that emanate from these instruments will transport you to another time and place.

In addition to throat singing, you’ll have the opportunity to experience traditional folk music during your visit to Mongolia. This genre showcases the country’s deep-rooted connection with nature and nomadic traditions. The songs often tell stories about daily life on the vast Mongolian steppe, celebrating love, bravery, and spiritual devotion.

A Window into Mongolian Culture

Music holds great significance in Mongolian culture. It serves not only as a form of entertainment but also as a means of preserving history and passing down ancestral knowledge. Through their songs, Mongolians express their deep reverence for nature, their spiritual beliefs rooted in shamanism and Buddhism, and their unwavering pride in their nomadic heritage.

Shopping for Unique Souvenirs at Narantuul Market

Narantuul Market, the largest outdoor market in Ulaanbaatar, is a must-visit destination for those looking to immerse themselves in Mongolian culture and find unique souvenirs. With its wide range of goods and bustling atmosphere, this market offers an exciting shopping experience like no other.

At Narantuul Market, visitors can browse through countless stalls selling traditional clothing, handicrafts, artwork, and a variety of souvenirs. The market is a treasure trove of Mongolian craftsmanship, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the country. From intricately designed cashmere scarves to handcrafted leather goods, there is something for everyone.

One of the highlights of shopping at Narantuul Market is the opportunity to haggle with vendors. Bargaining is not only accepted but also expected here. This adds an element of excitement to the shopping experience as visitors try to secure the best possible deal on their desired items. Haggling also allows you to interact with local vendors and gain insights into their way of life.

When exploring Narantuul Market, be prepared to discover unique treasures that are not easily found elsewhere. Whether it’s a beautifully embroidered traditional Mongolian dress or a piece of artwork depicting stunning landscapes, you’ll find plenty of one-of-a-kind items that will serve as cherished mementos from your trip.

To make your shopping experience more enjoyable and efficient, consider engaging with companies that offer guided tours or personalized assistance at Narantuul Market.

Wrapping Up an Unforgettable Journey: Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve now explored the diverse wonders of Mongolia, immersing yourself in its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural heritage. From the vast expanse of the Gobi Desert to the majestic Altai Mountains, you’ve witnessed nature’s grandeur like never before. You’ve delved into the heart of Mongolian nomadic culture, experiencing their warm hospitality and authentic way of life. And let’s not forget the thrilling adventures, from horseback riding across the steppe to trekking through rugged terrains.

But this is just the beginning. Now that you’ve discovered all that Mongolia has to offer, it’s time to plan your own unforgettable journey. Whether you’re a nature enthusiast seeking new horizons or a cultural explorer yearning for unique experiences, Mongolia has something for everyone. So pack your bags and embark on your next adventure in this land of endless possibilities.

FAQs

Is Mongolia safe for travelers?

Mongolia is generally considered safe for travelers. However, it’s always wise to take necessary precautions such as staying aware of your surroundings, avoiding isolated areas at night, and keeping your belongings secure.

What is the best time to visit Mongolia?

The best time to visit Mongolia is during the summer months (June to August) when temperatures are milder and outdoor activities are more accessible. However, if you’re interested in experiencing winter landscapes or attending traditional festivals like Naadam, visiting during other seasons can also be rewarding.

Do I need a visa to travel to Mongolia?

Most visitors require a visa to enter Mongolia. It’s recommended to check with your local embassy or consulate for specific visa requirements based on your nationality.

How can I experience Mongolian nomadic culture?

To immerse yourself in Mongolian nomadic culture, consider staying at a ger camp where you can live with nomadic families and participate in their daily activities. This allows you to gain firsthand experience of their traditional way of life.

What are the transportation options within Mongolia?

In Mongolia, transportation options include domestic flights, trains, buses, and hiring a private driver or guide. Each option has its advantages depending on your preferences and the destinations you wish to visit.